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Add chapter 11.11: Printf and reflection
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# 11.11 Printf和反射
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在Go语言的标准库中,前几节所述的反射的功能被大量地使用。举个例子,fmt包中的Printf(以及其他格式化输出函数)都会使用反射来分析它的`...`参数。
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Printf的函数声明为:
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```go
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func Printf(format string, args ... interface{}) (n int, err error)
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```
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Printf中的`...`参数为空接口类型。Printf使用反射包来解析这个参数列表。所以,Printf能够知道它每个参数的类型。因此格式化字符串中只有%d而没有%u和%ld,因为它知道这个参数是unsigned还是long。这也是为什么Print和Println在没有格式字符串的情况下还能如此漂亮地输出。
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为了让大家更加具体地了解Printf中的反射,我们实现了一个简单的通用输出函数。其中使用了type-switch来推导参数类型,并根据类型来输出每个参数的值(这里用了10.7节中练习10.13的部分代码)
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示例 11.15 print.go:
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```go
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// print.go
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package main
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import (
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"os"
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"strconv"
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)
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type Stringer interface {
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String() string
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}
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type Celsius float64
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func (c Celsius) String() string {
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return strconv.FormatFloat(float64(c),'f', 1, 64) + " °C"
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}
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type Day int
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var dayName = []string{"Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"}
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func (day Day) String() string {
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return dayName[day]
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}
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func print(args ...interface{}) {
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for i, arg := range args {
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if i > 0 {os.Stdout.WriteString(" ")}
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switch a := arg.(type) { // type switch
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case Stringer: os.Stdout.WriteString(a.String())
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case int: os.Stdout.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(a))
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case string: os.Stdout.WriteString(a)
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// more types
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default: os.Stdout.WriteString("???")
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}
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}
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}
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func main() {
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print(Day(1), "was", Celsius(18.36)) // Tuesday was 18.4 °C
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}
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// Tuesday was 18.4 °C
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```
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在12.8节中我们将阐释fmt.Fprintf()是怎么运用同样的反射原则的。
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## 链接
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- [目录](directory.md)
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- 上一节:[反射包](11.10.md)
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- 下一节:[接口和动态类型](11.12.md)
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