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# 14.4 使用select切换协程
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从不不同的并发执行的协程中获取值可以通过关键字`select`来完成,它和`switch`控制语句非常相似(章节5.3)也被称作通信开关;它的行为像是“你准备好了吗”的轮询机制;`select`监听进入通道的数据,也可以是用通道发送值的时候。
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```go
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select {
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case u:= <- ch1:
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...
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case v:= <- ch2:
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...
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...
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default: // no value ready to be received
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...
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}
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```
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`default`语句是可选的;fallthrough行为,和普通的switch相似,是不允许的。在任何一个case中执行`break`或者`return`,select就结束了。
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`select`做得就是:选择处理列出的多个通信情况中的一个。
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* 如果都阻塞了,会等待直到其中一个可以处理
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* 如果多个可以处理,随机选择一个
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* 如果没有通道操作可以处理并且写了`default`语句,它就会执行:`default`永远是可运行的(这就是准备好了,可以执行)。
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在`select`中使用发送操作并且有`default`可以确保发送不被阻塞!如果没有cases,select就会一直阻塞。
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`select`语句实现了一种监听模式,通常用在(无限)循环中;在某种情况下,通过`break`语句使循环退出。
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在程序[goroutine_select.go](examples/chapter_14/goroutine_select.go)中有2个通道`ch1`和`ch2`,三个协程`pump1()`,`pump2()`和`suck()`。这是一个典型的生产者消费者模式。在无限循环中,`ch1`和`ch2`通过`pump1()`和`pump2()`填充整数;`suck()`也是在无限循环中轮询输入的,通过`select`语句获取`ch1`和`ch2`的整数并输出。选择哪一个case取决于哪一个通道收到了信息。程序在main执行1秒后结束。
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示例 14.10-[goroutine_select.go](examples/chapter_14/goroutine_select.go)
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"fmt"
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"time"
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)
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func main() {
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ch1 := make(chan int)
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ch2 := make(chan int)
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go pump1(ch1)
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go pump2(ch2)
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go suck(ch1, ch2)
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time.Sleep(1e9)
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}
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func pump1(ch chan int) {
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for i := 0; ; i++ {
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ch <- i * 2
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}
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}
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func pump2(ch chan int) {
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for i := 0; ; i++ {
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ch <- i + 5
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}
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}
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func suck(ch1, ch2 chan int) {
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for {
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select {
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case v := <-ch1:
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fmt.Printf("Received on channel 1: %d\n", v)
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case v := <-ch2:
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fmt.Printf("Received on channel 2: %d\n", v)
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}
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}
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}
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```
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输出:
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```
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Received on channel 2: 5
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Received on channel 2: 6
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Received on channel 1: 0
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Received on channel 2: 7
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Received on channel 2: 8
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Received on channel 2: 9
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Received on channel 2: 10
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Received on channel 1: 2
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Received on channel 2: 11
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...
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Received on channel 2: 47404
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Received on channel 1: 94346
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Received on channel 1: 94348
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```
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## 链接
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