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#8.2 删除元素
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测试map1中是否存在key1:
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在例子8.1中,我们已经见过可以使用val1 = map1[key1]的方法获取key1对应的值val1。如果map中不存在key1,val1就是一个值类型的空值。
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这就会给我们带来困惑了:现在我们没法区分到底是key1不存在还是它对应的value就是空值。
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为了解决这个问题,我们可以这么用: val1, isPresent = map1[key1]
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isPresent返回一个bool值:如果key1存在于map1,val1就是key1对应的value值,并且isPresent为true;如果key1不存在,val1就是一个空值,并且isPresent会返回false。
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如果你只是想判断某个key是否存在而不关心它对应的值到底是多少,你可以这么做:
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_, ok := map1[key1] // 如果key1存在则ok == true,否在ok为false
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或者和if混合使用:
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if _, ok := map1[key1]; ok {
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// ...
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}
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从map1中删除key1:
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直接: delete(map1, key1)
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如果key1不存在,该操作不会产生错误。
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示例 8.4 [map_testelement.go](exmaples/chapter_8/map_testelement.go)
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package main
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import "fmt"
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func main() {
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var value int
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var isPresent bool
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map1 := make(map[string]int)
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map1["New Delhi"] = 55
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map1["Beijing"] = 20
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map1["Washington"] = 25
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value, isPresent = map1["Beijing"]
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if isPresent {
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fmt.Printf("The value of \"Beijin\" in map1 is: %d\n", value)
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} else {
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fmt.Printf("map1 does not contain Beijing")
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}
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value, isPresent = map1["Paris"]
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fmt.Printf("Is \"Paris\" in map1 ?: %t\n", isPresent)
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fmt.Printf("Value is: %d\n", value)
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// delete an item:
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delete(map1, "Washington")
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value, isPresent = map1["Washington"]
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if isPresent {
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fmt.Printf("The value of \"Washington\" in map1 is: %d\n", value)
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} else {
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fmt.Println("map1 does not contain Washington")
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}
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}
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输出结果:
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The value of "Beijing" in map1 is: 20
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Is "Paris" in map1 ?: false
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Value is: 0
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map1 does not contain Washington
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##链接
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- [目录](directory.md)
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- 上一节:[声明,初始化和make](08.1.md)
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- 下一节:[for循环构造方法](08.3.md)
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