mirror of
https://github.com/unknwon/the-way-to-go_ZH_CN.git
synced 2025-08-12 03:32:05 +08:00
翻译13.6
This commit is contained in:
@@ -1 +1,88 @@
|
|||||||
# 13.6 启动外部命令和程序
|
# 13.6 启动外部命令和程序
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
os 包有一个 `StartProcess` 函数可以调用或启动外部系统命令和二进制可执行文件;它的第一个参数是要运行的进程,第二个参数用来传递选项或参数,第三个参数是含有系统环境基本信息的结构体。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
这个函数返回被启动进程的 id(pid),或者启动失败返回错误。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
exec 包中也有同样功能的更简单的结构体和函数;主要是 `exec.Command(name string, arg ...string)` 和 `Run()`。首先需要用系统命令或可执行文件的名字创建一个 `Command` 对象,然后用这个对象作为接收者调用 `Run()`。下面的程序(因为是执行 Linux 命令,只能在 Linux 下面运行)演示了它们的使用:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
示例 13.6 [exec.go](examples/chapter_13/exec.go):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```go
|
||||||
|
// exec.go
|
||||||
|
package main
|
||||||
|
import (
|
||||||
|
"fmt"
|
||||||
|
"os/exec"
|
||||||
|
"os"
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
func main() {
|
||||||
|
// 1) os.StartProcess //
|
||||||
|
/*********************/
|
||||||
|
/* Linux: */
|
||||||
|
env := os.Environ()
|
||||||
|
procAttr := &os.ProcAttr{
|
||||||
|
Env: env,
|
||||||
|
Files: []*os.File{
|
||||||
|
os.Stdin,
|
||||||
|
os.Stdout,
|
||||||
|
os.Stderr,
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
// 1st example: list files
|
||||||
|
pid, err := os.StartProcess("/bin/ls", []string{"ls", "-l"}, procAttr)
|
||||||
|
if err != nil {
|
||||||
|
fmt.Printf("Error %v starting process!", err) //
|
||||||
|
os.Exit(1)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
fmt.Printf("The process id is %v", pid)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
输出:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
``` go
|
||||||
|
The process id is &{2054 0}total 2056
|
||||||
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ivo ivo 1157555 2011-07-04 16:48 Mieken_exec
|
||||||
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 ivo ivo 2124 2011-07-04 16:48 Mieken_exec.go
|
||||||
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 ivo ivo 18528 2011-07-04 16:48 Mieken_exec_go_.6
|
||||||
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 ivo ivo 913920 2011-06-03 16:13 panic.exe
|
||||||
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 ivo ivo 180 2011-04-11 20:39 panic.go
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```go
|
||||||
|
// 2nd example: show all processes
|
||||||
|
pid, err = os.StartProcess("/bin/ps", []string{"-e", "-opid,ppid,comm"}, procAttr)
|
||||||
|
if err != nil {
|
||||||
|
fmt.Printf("Error %v starting process!", err) //
|
||||||
|
os.Exit(1)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
fmt.Printf("The process id is %v", pid)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```go
|
||||||
|
// 2) exec.Run //
|
||||||
|
/***************/
|
||||||
|
// Linux: OK, but not for ls ?
|
||||||
|
// cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-l") // no error, but doesn't show anything ?
|
||||||
|
// cmd := exec.Command("ls") // no error, but doesn't show anything ?
|
||||||
|
cmd := exec.Command("gedit") // this opens a gedit-window
|
||||||
|
err = cmd.Run()
|
||||||
|
if err != nil {
|
||||||
|
fmt.Printf("Error %v executing command!", err)
|
||||||
|
os.Exit(1)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
fmt.Printf("The command is %v", cmd)
|
||||||
|
// The command is &{/bin/ls [ls -l] [] <nil> <nil> <nil> 0xf840000210 <nil> true [0xf84000ea50 0xf84000e9f0 0xf84000e9c0] [0xf84000ea50 0xf84000e9f0 0xf84000e9c0] [] [] 0xf8400128c0}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
// in Windows: uitvoering: Error fork/exec /bin/ls: The system cannot find the path specified. starting process!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 链接
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- [目录](directory.md)
|
||||||
|
- 上一节:[一种用闭包处理错误的模式](13.5.md)
|
||||||
|
- 下一节:[Go 中的单元测试和基准测试](13.7.md)
|
1
eBook/13.7.md
Normal file
1
eBook/13.7.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
|||||||
|
# 13.7 Go 中的单元测试和基准测试
|
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@
|
|||||||
- 13.4 [自定义包中的错误处理和 panicking](13.4.md)
|
- 13.4 [自定义包中的错误处理和 panicking](13.4.md)
|
||||||
- 13.5 [一种用闭包处理错误的模式](13.5.md)
|
- 13.5 [一种用闭包处理错误的模式](13.5.md)
|
||||||
- 13.6 [启动外部命令和程序](13.6.md)
|
- 13.6 [启动外部命令和程序](13.6.md)
|
||||||
|
- 13.7 [Go 中的单元测试和基准测试](13.7.md)
|
||||||
- 第14章:goroutine 与 channel
|
- 第14章:goroutine 与 channel
|
||||||
- 第15章:网络、模版与网页应用
|
- 第15章:网络、模版与网页应用
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user