Understand array variable declaration in read (fixes #679 fixes #1272)

It used to only treat all trailing variables in read as varaible
declarings, but an array variable can be declared in other positions:

    read -a foo -r

foo is a declared variable, and multiple such variables can be declared.

src/ShellCheck/Analytics.hs

@@ -709,6 +709,7 @@ prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex5 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "a[0]=foo; echo
 prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex6 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "echo $PIPESTATUS"
 prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex7 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "a=(a b); a+=c"
 prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex8 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "declare -a foo; foo=bar;"
+prop_checkArrayWithoutIndex9 = verifyTree checkArrayWithoutIndex "read -r -a arr <<< 'foo bar'; echo \"$arr\""
 checkArrayWithoutIndex params _ =
     doVariableFlowAnalysis readF writeF defaultMap (variableFlow params)
   where
@@ -1879,6 +1880,7 @@ prop_checkUnassignedReferences32= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "if [[
 prop_checkUnassignedReferences33= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "f() { local -A foo; echo \"${foo[@]}\"; }"
 prop_checkUnassignedReferences34= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "declare -A foo; (( foo[bar] ))"
 prop_checkUnassignedReferences35= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "echo ${arr[foo-bar]:?fail}"
+prop_checkUnassignedReferences36= verifyNotTree checkUnassignedReferences "read -a foo -r <<<\"foo bar\"; echo \"$foo\""
 checkUnassignedReferences params t = warnings
   where
     (readMap, writeMap) = execState (mapM tally $ variableFlow params) (Map.empty, Map.empty)

src/ShellCheck/AnalyzerLib.hs

@@ -525,12 +525,22 @@ getReferencedVariableCommand base@(T_SimpleCommand _ _ (T_NormalWord _ (T_Litera
 
 getReferencedVariableCommand _ = []
 
+-- The function returns a tuple consisting of four items describing an assignment.
+-- Given e.g. declare foo=bar
+-- (
+--   BaseCommand :: Token,     -- The command/structure assigning the variable, i.e. declare foo=bar
+--   AssignmentToken :: Token, -- The specific part that assigns this variable, i.e. foo=bar
+--   VariableName :: String,   -- The variable name, i.e. foo
+--   VariableValue :: DataType -- A description of the value being assigned, i.e. "Literal string with value foo"
+-- )
 getModifiedVariableCommand base@(T_SimpleCommand _ _ (T_NormalWord _ (T_Literal _ x:_):rest)) =
    filter (\(_,_,s,_) -> not ("-" `isPrefixOf` s)) $
     case x of
         "read" ->
-            let params = map getLiteral rest in
-                catMaybes . takeWhile isJust . reverse $ params
+            let params = map getLiteral rest
+                readArrayVars = getReadArrayVariables rest
+            in
+                catMaybes . (++ readArrayVars) . takeWhile isJust . reverse $ params
         "getopts" ->
             case rest of
                 opts:var:_ -> maybeToList $ getLiteral var
@@ -573,10 +583,14 @@ getModifiedVariableCommand base@(T_SimpleCommand _ _ (T_NormalWord _ (T_Literal
       where
         defaultType = if any (`elem` flags) ["a", "A"] then DataArray else DataString
 
-    getLiteral t = do
+    getLiteralOfDataType t d = do
         s <- getLiteralString t
         when ("-" `isPrefixOf` s) $ fail "argument"
-        return (base, t, s, DataString SourceExternal)
+        return (base, t, s, d)
+
+    getLiteral t = getLiteralOfDataType t (DataString SourceExternal)
+
+    getLiteralArray t = getLiteralOfDataType t (DataArray SourceExternal)
 
     getModifierParamString = getModifierParam DataString
 
@@ -618,6 +632,11 @@ getModifiedVariableCommand base@(T_SimpleCommand _ _ (T_NormalWord _ (T_Literal
         guard $ isVariableName name
         return (base, lastArg, name, DataArray SourceExternal)
 
+    -- get all the array variables used in read, e.g. read -a arr
+    getReadArrayVariables args = do
+        map (getLiteralArray . snd)
+            (filter (\(x,_) -> getLiteralString x == Just "-a") (zip (args) (tail args)))
+
 getModifiedVariableCommand _ = []
 
 getIndexReferences s = fromMaybe [] $ do